Li3V2PO43

Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃, commonly referred to as lithium vanadium phosphate or LVPO, is an inorganic compound with significant interest in the field of energy storage, particularly as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. It belongs to the broader class of phosphate-based materials known for their structural and electrochemical stability.

The compound crystallizes in an olivine-like structure, which consists of a three-dimensional framework of vanadium phosphate (V₂(PO₄)₃) with lithium ions intercalated within the lattice. This framework provides a stable host for lithium ions during charge-discharge cycles, contributing to its long cycle life. The chemical formula indicates a molar ratio of lithium to vanadium to phosphorus of 3:2:3, with the vanadium typically existing in a mixed oxidation state of +3 and +4.

One of the key advantages of Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ is its high theoretical capacity, estimated around 197 mAh/g, which arises from the insertion and extraction of three lithium ions per formula unit. Additionally, it operates at a relatively high average voltage of approximately 3.6–3.7 V versus lithium metal, offering a favorable energy density. The material also exhibits excellent thermal and chemical stability, reducing the risk of thermal runaway—a common safety concern in lithium-ion batteries.

Research into Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has focused on improving its electronic conductivity, which is inherently low due to its insulating nature. Strategies such as carbon coating, doping with transition metals, or nanostructuring have been explored to enhance its performance. These modifications aim to facilitate faster lithium-ion diffusion and improve overall battery efficiency.

Beyond its applications in batteries, Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃ has been studied for its potential in other electrochemical devices, such as sodium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, due to its structural adaptability. Its environmental compatibility and abundant raw materials further reinforce its appeal as a sustainable energy storage solution. Ongoing research continues to refine its synthesis and optimize its electrochemical properties for practical deployment.