Leptoptilos

Leptoptilos is a genus of large, long-legged wading birds in the stork family Ciconiidae, commonly known as adjutant storks. They are among the largest storks and are distinguished by bare heads and necks, a heavy bill, and a prominent inflatable throat pouch that is used in displays and thermoregulation.

The genus contains two extant species: the Greater Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos dubius) and the Lesser Adjutant Stork (Leptoptilos javanicus). The Greater Adjutant is native to parts of the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, while the Lesser Adjutant has a broader distribution across South and Southeast Asia. Both species are closely associated with wetlands and depend on aquatic or semi-aquatic habitats such as riverine zones, marshes, and agricultural landscapes.

Behavior and ecology: Leptoptilos species are primarily scavengers, often feeding on carrion, as well as fish, amphibians, and other small animals. They tend to be solitary or seen in small groups and are known for dramatic courtship displays that emphasize the throat pouch and bill. They nest in trees near water, laying a clutch of one to three eggs, with both parents provisioning the young.

Conservation: Populations have declined in many areas due to habitat loss, wetland drainage, pollution, and disturbance from human activity. The Greater Adjutant, in particular, faces significant conservation challenges. Protected areas, legal protections, and habitat restoration efforts are ongoing in several range states to support the persistence of Leptoptilos species.