Lenfomas

Lenfomas is a term encountered in some medical literature and non-English sources that refers to malignant lymphoid neoplasms. In standard English usage, the preferred term is lymphoma, with specific subtypes identified as Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Lenfomas, when used, generally denotes diseases arising from lymphocytes or lymphatic tissue and may appear as a transliteration or regional variation rather than a distinct medical category.

The disease spectrum is divided into Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). NHLs are further subdivided by cell type (B-cell, T-cell, NK-cell) and histology; common B-cell lymphomas include diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by the presence of Reed-Sternberg cells and distinct clinical features.

Symptoms commonly include painless lymphadenopathy, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue. Advanced disease may cause organ involvement such as the spleen or a mediastinal mass, and bone marrow suppression in extensive cases. Diagnosis relies on lymph node biopsy with histology, immunophenotyping, and genetic studies; imaging such as CT or PET-CT evaluates disease extent. Blood tests and bone marrow biopsy may be performed as needed.

Treatment depends on subtype and stage. Eligible cases may receive chemotherapy (for example, ABVD for HL or R-CHOP for many NHLs), radiotherapy, and targeted therapies like rituximab. Newer approaches include CAR-T cell therapy for certain NHLs. Prognosis varies with subtype, stage, and response to treatment.

Etymology and usage note: The term lenfomas is not standard in English medical literature; it arises as a transliteration or older usage in some languages. In clinical contexts, lymphoma terminology should be used for clarity.