Lebewesens

Lebewesens is a term used to denote living beings, entities that possess life processes. In biology it is used as a general label for organisms, ranging from single-celled microbes to multicellular plants and animals, and in philosophy to discuss questions about life and vitality.

Core characteristics commonly associated with Lebewesens include metabolism, growth, reproduction, response to stimuli, and homeostasis. Most Lebewesens are organized at the cellular level, with genetic material that can be inherited and used to direct development and function. Energy transformation and the conservation of mass and information are central to their processes.

Taxonomy and diversity reflect the wide range of Lebewesens on Earth. Modern biology groups life into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota, with further division into kingdoms and phyla. Within eukaryotes, major lineages include animals, plants, fungi, and various protists. Classification continues to evolve with advances in genetics and comparative biology.

Life cycles and reproduction vary among Lebewesens. Reproduction can be sexual or asexual, producing genetic variation that fuels evolution. Growth, development, and aging are governed by genetic and environmental factors, and natural selection shapes populations over generations.

Ecology and environment describe how Lebewesens interact with their surroundings. They extract and convert energy, cycle nutrients, and influence ecosystems. Homeostatic mechanisms operate within organisms, while ecosystems reflect the collective dynamics of many Lebewesens in response to climate, resources, and disturbances.

Borderline cases and debates about what constitutes life persist. Viruses, prions, and viroids challenge simple criteria, and discussions extend to synthetic and artificial life forms. See also biology, life, and taxonomy.