Lathyrism

Lathyrism is a neurological disorder caused by the consumption of certain legume seeds, particularly those of the genus Lathyrus, which includes vetch and grass pea. The toxic principle responsible for lathyrism is β-N-oxalyl-L-α,β-diaminopropionic acid, commonly known as β-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine (BOAA). This compound inhibits the enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, leading to the accumulation of α-ketoglutarate in the brain. This accumulation disrupts the normal functioning of the brain, resulting in a range of symptoms including muscle weakness, ataxia (lack of muscle coordination), and in severe cases, coma and death.

Lathyrism is more commonly associated with the consumption of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus), which is often used as animal feed. However, other species of Lathyrus, such as broad bean (Vicia faba), can also cause the condition. The risk of lathyrism is higher in populations where grass pea is a staple food, particularly in regions of Africa, Asia, and South America.

The diagnosis of lathyrism is typically based on clinical symptoms and the history of consuming Lathyrus seeds. There is no specific treatment for lathyrism, and management focuses on supportive care to alleviate symptoms. Prevention involves avoiding the consumption of Lathyrus seeds and ensuring that animal feed is free from contaminated seeds.