Lathraea

Lathraea is a genus of herbaceous, root parasitic plants belonging to the family Orobanchaceae. Commonly known as toothworts, these plants are native to Europe and Asia. Lathraea species are characterized by their lack of chlorophyll, rendering them non-photosynthetic. Instead, they obtain nutrients from the roots of host plants, such as trees and shrubs, through specialized organs called haustoria.

The appearance of Lathraea is distinctive, often featuring pale or whitish stems and leaves, which are typically reduced to small scales. The flowers are usually zygomorphic and arranged in spikes, exhibiting colors ranging from white to pink or purple. The genus name Lathraea is derived from the Greek word "lathraios," meaning "hidden," referring to their parasitic lifestyle and often inconspicuous nature.

Reproduction in Lathraea can occur both sexually through seeds and vegetatively. The seeds are dispersed by various means, including water and animals. Due to their parasitic nature, Lathraea species can sometimes be considered pests in forestry and agriculture, although their impact is generally localized. Their unique biology and ecological interactions make them of interest to botanists and ecologists.