Larynxs

Larynxs is not a standard term in anatomy. In medical usage, the organ is called the larynx, and its plural forms are usually larynges or larynxes. Some nonstandard sources may encounter the form larynxs, but it is not widely accepted. The larynx is a cartilaginous and muscular structure in the neck that functions as part of the airway and voice production system.

Anatomy and location

The larynx lies anteriorly in the neck, between the pharynx above and the trachea below, typically around the C3 to C6 level in adults. It contains nine cartilages: two thyroid, two cricoid, two arytenoid, two corniculate, two cuneiform, plus the epiglottis. The laryngeal cavity is lined by respiratory epithelium above and by stratified squamous epithelium in areas exposed to more friction. The true vocal cords and the surrounding glottis are the primary sites of sound production.

Function

The larynx routes air to the lungs and protects the lower airway during swallowing. It houses the vocal folds, whose vibration creates sound. Intrinsic laryngeal muscles adjust tension and position of the cords to modulate pitch and volume. The larynx also contributes to coughing and other protective reflexes.

Innervation and blood supply

Most intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve (branch of the vagus), with the cricothyroid muscle supplied by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. Blood supply comes from branches of the superior and inferior thyroid arteries.

Clinical relevance

Common conditions include laryngitis, vocal cord nodules or polyps, and laryngeal cancer. Procedures such as laryngoscopy, laryngectomy, or tracheostomy may be used for diagnosis or treatment. Proper function of the larynx is essential for safe breathing and clear speech.