Landningshjälp

Landningshjälp refers to any equipment or system designed to assist aircraft in landing, particularly in adverse weather conditions or on runways with limited visibility. These systems aim to provide pilots with accurate guidance and information to ensure a safe and precise touchdown.

One common form of landningshjälp is the Instrument Landing System (ILS). ILS provides lateral and vertical guidance to the aircraft, directing it along an approach path towards the runway. It consists of two main components: the localizer, which gives lateral guidance, and the glide slope, which provides vertical guidance. Aircraft equipped with appropriate avionics can follow these signals to descend accurately even when the runway is not visible.

Another type of landningshjälp is visual aids such as approach lights, runway lights, and PAPI (Precision Approach Path Indicator) systems. Approach lights, often a series of lights extending from the runway threshold, help pilots identify the runway and its orientation. Runway lights illuminate the runway itself, defining its edges and centerlines. PAPI systems are visual indicators that help pilots maintain the correct glide path by displaying a series of lights indicating their position relative to the desired descent angle.

In addition to these, newer technologies like Ground Controlled Approach (GCA) and Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control Systems (A-SMGCS) also play a role. GCA uses radar to provide direct voice guidance to pilots during their approach and landing. A-SMGCS integrates various surveillance data to provide controllers with a comprehensive view of aircraft and vehicle movements on the ground and in the air near the airport, enhancing safety and efficiency during low visibility operations.