Laiendanud

Laiendanud is the Estonian past active participle of the verb laiendada, meaning to expand. It expresses a completed action of expanding carried out by the subject and can function as an attribute or as part of a compound tense.

In grammar, laiendanud is a past active participle (PA participle). It agrees with the noun it modifies in number and case when used attributively, and it can appear in predicative constructions in combination with an auxiliary such as olema to form perfect aspect, for example: on laiendanud = has expanded. It can also appear as a non-finite modifier in phrases like laiendanud piirkonnad, meaning “the expanded regions” or “regions that have been expanded.”

Etymology and related forms: laiendanud is formed from the infinitive laiendada plus the participial ending -nud. Related forms include laiendanud (the item discussed) and laiendatud, which is the past passive participle meaning “expanded” as something that was expanded by someone or something.

Usage notes: Laiendanud is typically used in formal or written Estonian to indicate that the subject performed the action of expanding. When the emphasis is on the action being undergone by the object rather than by the subject, the past passive participle laiendatud is favored.

See also: Laiendada, laiendatud, Estonian participles.