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Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance (LPV) is a type of instrument approach procedure that uses satellite-based augmentation to provide both lateral and vertical guidance to a runway. Implemented with SBAS systems such as the United States WAAS and Europe’s EGNOS, LPV offers precision-like guidance without a traditional ground-based glideslope.

LPV procedures are classified by ICAO as Approach with Vertical Guidance (APV). They provide high-accuracy navigation and a continuous descent final approach path, but they are not considered true precision approaches like ILS. This distinction reflects their reliance on space-based augmentation rather than purely ground-based nav aids, though the resulting minimums can approach those of some precision approaches in favorable conditions.

Operation and minimums: LPV relies on augmented GNSS signals to determine precise position and hold integrity, enabling low minimums published for each procedure. Minima can be as low as about 200 feet above the runway with relatively low visibility requirements, but actual values depend on obstacle clearance, runway environment, and procedure design. Aircraft avionics must support LPV-capable WAAS/GNSS guidance to fly these approaches.

Availability and limitations: LPV coverage depends on SBAS signal availability and integrity. In regions with robust SBAS service, LPV provides enhanced access to airports lacking ILS. Limitations include potential service outages or degraded performance in areas with weak SBAS coverage, and some older aircraft or avionics may not support LPV.

See also: APV, WAAS, SBAS, EGNOS, ILS, GNSS.