LPIN
LPIN refers to the lipin gene family, comprising LPIN1, LPIN2, and LPIN3, which encode the Lipin-1, Lipin-2, and Lipin-3 proteins. In mammals, lipins function primarily as magnesium-dependent phosphatidic acid phosphatases that convert phosphatidic acid to diacylglycerol, a central step in triglyceride and phospholipid biosynthesis. In addition to their enzymatic activity, lipins serve as transcriptional coactivators that interact with lipid-regulated transcription factors such as PPARs and SREBP, influencing adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and energy homeostasis. Subcellular localization is dynamic, with cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum-associated pools supporting lipid synthesis, and nuclear pools modulating gene expression; phosphorylation status influences localization and activity and is responsive to nutritional and hormonal cues.
LPIN genes show tissue expression in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle, among others, consistent with
Ongoing research investigates LPIN involvement in obesity, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and inflammatory processes, as well