LOXentsyymit

LOXentsyymit, or lipoxygenase enzymes, are a group of non-heme iron-containing dioxygenases. They catalyze the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) containing a cis,cis-1,4-pentadiene system. This reaction involves the insertion of molecular oxygen into the fatty acid chain, typically at the bis-allylic position, leading to the formation of various lipid hydroperoxides. These hydroperoxides are often unstable and can be further processed by other enzymes, such as hydroperoxide lyases and isomerases, to produce a diverse array of bioactive lipid mediators.

LOXentsyymit play crucial roles in numerous biological processes across various organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms. In mammals, they are involved in inflammatory responses, immune signaling, and the synthesis of eicosanoids, which are potent signaling molecules derived from arachidonic acid. Different LOXentsyymit isoforms exist, such as 5-LOX, 12-LOX, and 15-LOX, each exhibiting specific substrate preferences and producing distinct lipid mediators. These mediators have diverse functions, including regulating blood pressure, platelet aggregation, and cell proliferation.

In plants, LOXentsyymit are implicated in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as in developmental processes. They contribute to the production of jasmonic acid, a key plant hormone involved in defense against herbivores and pathogens. LOXentsyymit are also involved in the formation of volatile compounds that contribute to plant aroma and flavor. The study of LOXentsyymit is important for understanding fundamental biochemical pathways and has potential applications in medicine, such as the development of anti-inflammatory drugs, and in agriculture, for improving crop resilience and quality.