Lülitusallikas

Lülitusallikas, also known as a switching-mode power supply (SMPS), is an electronic power supply that uses a switching regulator to convert electrical power efficiently. Unlike linear power supplies that dissipate excess voltage as heat, lülitusallikad rapidly switch components like transistors on and off at high frequencies. This switching action, combined with energy storage components like inductors and capacitors, allows for efficient voltage conversion.

The basic principle involves a high-frequency switch, typically a MOSFET or IGBT, that chops the input voltage. This chopped voltage is then passed through a transformer (often a high-frequency one for smaller size and weight) to step up or step down the voltage. The output of the transformer is then rectified and filtered to produce a stable DC output. Control circuitry monitors the output voltage and adjusts the switching duty cycle to maintain regulation.

Lülitusallikad offer significant advantages, including high efficiency, smaller size, and lighter weight compared to linear power supplies, making them ideal for a wide range of applications such as computer power supplies, mobile chargers, and industrial equipment. However, they can also generate electromagnetic interference (EMI) due to their high-frequency switching, which requires careful design and filtering. Their complexity can also be higher than that of linear supplies.