Lämpöväliaineet

Lämpöväliaineet, or heat transfer fluids, are substances used to transport thermal energy from one place to another. They are crucial in a wide range of applications, from industrial processes to everyday heating and cooling systems. The primary function of a heat transfer fluid is to absorb heat from a source and release it at a desired destination, facilitating temperature regulation and energy efficiency.

The selection of a suitable heat transfer fluid depends on several factors, including the operating temperature range, pressure requirements, compatibility with system materials, and safety considerations. Common examples include water, which is widely used due to its availability, low cost, and excellent heat capacity. However, water can be problematic in freezing temperatures or at very high temperatures.

Oils, such as mineral oils and synthetic oils, are often employed in applications requiring higher operating temperatures or where water is undesirable. These fluids offer good thermal stability and lubrication properties. Glycols, like ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, are commonly mixed with water to create antifreeze solutions that prevent freezing and also raise the boiling point of the fluid, extending the operational range.

In more specialized applications, such as solar thermal systems or certain industrial refrigeration processes, fluids like molten salts or refrigerants are utilized. These fluids are designed to operate under extreme conditions or to provide specific thermodynamic properties. The efficiency of a heat transfer system is heavily influenced by the thermophysical properties of the fluid, including its specific heat, thermal conductivity, viscosity, and density.