Külmakaitseained

Külmakaitseained, also known as antifreeze or coolants, are substances added to liquids to lower their freezing point and raise their boiling point. Their primary function is to prevent water-based liquids from freezing in cold temperatures and boiling over in hot temperatures, especially in engine cooling systems.

The most common type of külmakaitseained is based on ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. These glycols are soluble in water and work by disrupting the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, making it harder for them to form ice crystals. The addition of glycols also increases the boiling point of the mixture, providing a wider operating temperature range for the liquid.

In addition to glycols, külmakaitseained typically contain a package of additives. These additives serve various purposes, such as corrosion inhibitors to protect metal components from rust and degradation, anti-foaming agents to prevent air bubbles, and pH buffers to maintain the optimal acidity or alkalinity of the coolant.

Külmakaitseained are essential for the proper functioning and longevity of many mechanical systems, particularly internal combustion engines. They are also used in other applications like heating systems, solar thermal systems, and even in food processing to prevent freezing during storage or transportation. The concentration of külmakaitseained in a mixture dictates its freezing and boiling point protection. Proper maintenance and periodic replacement of coolant are crucial to ensure its effectiveness and prevent damage to the system it protects.