Küllastuslahus

Küllastuslahus is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure. When a solution reaches its saturation point, no more solute can be dissolved, and any additional solute added will remain undissolved at the bottom of the container. The concentration of a saturated solution is known as its solubility.

The process of achieving a saturated solution involves dissolving a solute in a solvent until the solution can no longer accept more solute. This can be done by gradually adding the solute to the solvent while stirring. Once no more solute dissolves, the solution is considered saturated.

Temperature significantly affects the solubility of most solids in liquids. Generally, as the temperature increases, the solubility of a solid in a liquid also increases. Conversely, for gases in liquids, solubility usually decreases as temperature increases. Pressure has a more noticeable effect on the solubility of gases in liquids than on solids or liquids.

Supersaturated solutions are another related concept. These are solutions that contain more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature and pressure. Supersaturated solutions are unstable and can be easily induced to precipitate the excess solute by introducing a seed crystal or by disturbing the solution.

Küllastuslahus is a fundamental concept in chemistry, crucial for understanding solubility, crystallization, and various chemical processes. It is often used in laboratories for calibration, preparation of standard solutions, and in industrial processes such as purification and crystallization.