Kúsimussõnad

Kúsimussõnad is a term used in Estonian linguistics to refer to words that are borrowed from or heavily influenced by other languages, particularly Russian. These words often fill lexical gaps or adopt new concepts and technologies. While the term itself can sometimes carry a slightly negative connotation, implying a lack of original Estonian vocabulary, it is a descriptive linguistic phenomenon rather than a judgment on the purity of the language.

The presence of kúsimussõnad in Estonian is a natural consequence of historical contact and cultural exchange. Russian, due to its historical dominance and geographical proximity, has been a significant source of such words. These borrowings can manifest in various ways, including direct transliterations, semantic loans where a new meaning is given to an existing Estonian word, or calques where a phrase is translated word-for-word.

Linguistic purists sometimes advocate for the creation of new Estonian terms or the revival of older ones to replace kúsimussõnad, aiming to preserve the distinctiveness of the Estonian language. However, the adoption and integration of borrowed words are also seen as a dynamic process that enriches the language and allows it to adapt to new circumstances and ideas. The debate surrounding kúsimussõnad reflects broader discussions about language evolution, national identity, and the influence of global communication.