Kõrvalekaldete

Kõrvalekaldete, also known as oxbow lakes or meanders, are landforms that occur when a river changes its course due to erosion and deposition. These features are typically found in floodplains and are characterized by their crescent shape, with the convex side facing upstream. Kõrvalekaldete are formed as a river erodes the outer banks of a meander bend, causing the river to cut off the bend and create a new, straighter channel. The abandoned bend becomes an oxbow lake, which may eventually fill with sediment and vegetation, becoming a wetland or marsh.

The process of oxbow lake formation is a natural part of the river's evolution and helps to maintain the river's gradient and prevent excessive erosion. Kõrvalekaldete can vary in size, from small, shallow ponds to large, deep lakes. They often provide important habitats for various plant and animal species, including migratory birds, fish, and amphibians. Additionally, oxbow lakes can be significant for human activities, such as recreation, waterfowl hunting, and agriculture.

The study of oxbow lakes and their formation is an important aspect of geomorphology and river ecology. Researchers examine the physical processes involved in oxbow lake formation, as well as the ecological impacts of these features on river ecosystems. Understanding the dynamics of oxbow lakes can help in the management and conservation of riverine environments, as well as in the mitigation of flood risks and the restoration of degraded river systems.