Kvanttsüsteemi

Kvanttsüsteemi is a term used in quantum mechanics to describe a physical system governed by the principles of quantum theory. Unlike classical systems where properties like position and momentum can be precisely known simultaneously, quantum systems exhibit characteristics such as superposition and entanglement. Superposition means that a quantum system can exist in multiple states at once until a measurement is made, at which point it collapses into a single state. Entanglement describes a strong correlation between two or more quantum systems, where their fates are linked regardless of the distance separating them.

The behavior of a kvanttsüsteemi is typically described by a wave function, often denoted by the Greek letter psi (ψ). The square of the wave function's magnitude at a particular point in space and time gives the probability of finding the system in that state. Quantum systems are subject to the uncertainty principle, which states that certain pairs of physical properties, like position and momentum, cannot be known with perfect accuracy simultaneously. This inherent probabilistic nature and the quantized nature of energy levels are fundamental distinctions from classical physics. Examples of kvanttsüsteemi include atoms, electrons, photons, and molecules. Understanding these systems is crucial for fields like quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and condensed matter physics.