Kvantjuhtide

Kvantjuhtide, more commonly known as quantum dots, are semiconductor nanocrystals with unique optical and electronic properties that arise from quantum mechanical effects. These properties are size-dependent, meaning that by controlling the size of the quantum dot during synthesis, one can tune the wavelength of light it emits or absorbs. This tunability is a key characteristic that distinguishes them from bulk semiconductors.

The small size of quantum dots, typically ranging from 2 to 10 nanometers in diameter, leads to quantum confinement. This confinement quantizes the energy levels of electrons within the material, resulting in discrete energy states rather than continuous bands. When excited by light or electricity, electrons in quantum dots can jump to higher energy levels. As they return to their ground state, they emit photons of light at specific wavelengths, which correspond to the energy difference between the levels.

Quantum dots exhibit strong light absorption and highly efficient photoluminescence, meaning they can absorb incoming light and re-emit it with very little energy loss. Their emission color can be precisely controlled by their size, with smaller dots emitting bluer light and larger dots emitting redder light. This ability to produce vibrant and tunable colors has led to significant applications in display technology, such as QLED televisions, where they enhance color accuracy and brightness. They are also explored for use in solar cells, bioimaging, LEDs, and as fluorescent labels in biological research.