Kusekateters

Kusekateters are sterile, flexible tubes inserted into the bladder to drain urine. They are used in medical care to relieve urinary retention, measure urine output, during surgery, and in various rehabilitation or palliative settings. They may be temporary (short-term use) or long-term, depending on the clinical situation.

Common types include indwelling catheters, such as Foley catheters, which stay in place with a retention balloon; intermittent self-catheterization, where a catheter is inserted to drain the bladder and removed after each use; and suprapubic catheters, placed through the abdominal wall into the bladder.

Materials vary and may include latex, silicone, or polyurethane, with coatings to reduce friction. Catheters come in different sizes, measured in French units, chosen based on patient anatomy and intended duration of use. Drainage systems are typically closed to minimize infection risk.

Typical indications include acute urinary retention, urinary output monitoring in hospital settings, perioperative management, and certain neurological or mobility impairments affecting bladder function.

Insertion is performed by trained personnel under sterile conditions. After placement, a closed drainage system is used, the collection bag kept below bladder level, and the catheter secured to prevent tugging. Regular perineal hygiene and bag maintenance help reduce infection risk.

Potential complications include catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), urethral trauma or strictures, blockage or encrustation, bladder spasms, and skin irritation. The risk increases with duration of use and inappropriate management.

Efforts aim to minimize catheter duration; assess daily for continued need. If possible, alternative methods such as intermittent self-catheterization or external collection devices may be used to reduce infection risk.