Kulukaid

Kulukaid is a ceremonial mask and ritual performance central to the cultural practices of the Nara people in the highland region of Selara. The term is believed to derive from local words meaning “earth” and “spirit,” though exact etymology varies among clans.

The mask is typically carved from hardwood, measuring roughly 25 to 35 centimeters in height, and features bold geometric motifs, horn-like projections, and pigments in ochre, black, and white. In many communities, masks are carved by designated artisans and may incorporate shell inlays or beadwork. Variants exist across clans, with differences in profile, coloration, and accompanying regalia such as staffs or headdresses.

Kulukaid performances occur during the annual kulukaid festival, often in the dry season when communities prepare for planting. A dancer or troupe wearing the mask performs a stylized sequence of movements that symbolize the mediator role of ancestral spirits. The performance is ordinarily accompanied by drum ensembles and reed pipes, and the mask is sometimes shared among participants during the ritual cycle.

Cultural significance centers on renewal, fertility, and communal memory. The masks are viewed as mediators between the living and ancestors, and the festival marks transitions in the agricultural year and rites of passage for younger members. Fieldwork and historical accounts trace kulukaid to early regional contact and emphasize its evolving role in both traditional life and contemporary contexts, including cultural tourism and theatre. See also ceremonial mask and ritual dance.