Kugelkopfkupplung

Kugelkopfkupplung is a type of hitch used to connect road trailers to motor vehicles. It consists of a spherical ball mounted on a ball shank attached to the towing vehicle and a matching trailer coupler that encloses the ball. The ball allows a high degree of articulation so the trailer can pivot relative to the tow vehicle during turns and over uneven surfaces, while the locking lever on the coupler secures the ball in place.

Construction and operation: The ball is fixed to the tow vehicle via a mounting plate or hitch receiver. The trailer coupler is a socket-like housing with a locking mechanism; lowering the coupler onto the ball and engaging the lever locks the ball. A safety pin or latch, and safety chains, provide redundancy. Regular inspection for wear, corrosion, and dirt is required, and lubrication of moving parts helps reduce wear.

Sizes and compatibility: Ball diameters commonly include about 50 mm (2 inches) in many markets, with other sizes such as 1-7/8 inches also in use depending on regional standards. Load ratings are specified by the manufacturer and vary from light-duty caravan use to heavier trailer applications. Matching ball size, coupler geometry, and rating to the trailer and vehicle is essential.

Advantages and limitations: The system is simple, robust, and relatively inexpensive, with easy connect/disconnect and good alignment. Drawbacks include wear of the ball and socket, risk of accidental uncoupling if not properly latched, and limited articulation angle for very large or heavy trailers.

Standards and safety: Kugelkopfkupplungen are subject to national and international standards and regulations. Regular checks, correct coupling procedures, and the use of safety chains are recommended.