Kshetri

Kshetri is a designation used as a surname and caste identifier in South Asia, most notably in Nepal and parts of India. It is a variant spelling linked to Kshatriya and is commonly associated with the Chhetri community of Nepal, one of the country's major caste groups.

Etymology and identity: The term derives from Sanskrit kshatra meaning "domain, power" and the word kshatriya, the warrior-protector varna. Spelling variants include Kshetri, Kshetriya, and Chhetri, reflecting regional languages and transliteration practices.

Geographic and social distribution: In Nepal, Kshetri (often spelled Chhetri) is widespread in hill regions and has historically supplied many leaders and soldiers. In India, related surnames appear among communities in states such as Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh, though the prevalence and usage vary by region.

History and contemporary context: Historically part of the Kshatriya varna, Kshetris were associated with military service, landholding, and governance. In Nepal's medieval and early modern polities, Chhetri leadership played a prominent role. In modern times, caste identity coexists with individual occupation and status, and surname alone does not determine social position.