Kristalloidiliuokset

Kristalloidiliuokset, known in English as crystalloid solutions, are intravenous fluids containing small molecules that can easily pass through semipermeable membranes. These solutions are primarily composed of electrolytes, such as sodium, chloride, and potassium, dissolved in water. Due to their small particle size, crystalloids can readily move between the intravascular and interstitial spaces, affecting fluid distribution throughout the body.

The main purposes of administering crystalloid solutions are to expand the extracellular fluid volume, maintain hydration, and correct electrolyte imbalances. They are commonly used in situations like dehydration, electrolyte disturbances, and to provide a fluid bolus to increase blood pressure. Examples of common crystalloid solutions include normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride), lactated Ringer's solution, and dextrose solutions.

The effect of crystalloid solutions on the intravascular space is temporary, as a significant portion of the infused volume will shift into the interstitial space. This means that to achieve a sustained increase in blood volume, larger volumes of crystalloids are often required compared to colloid solutions, which contain larger molecules that tend to stay within the blood vessels. The choice of crystalloid solution depends on the specific clinical condition and the patient's electrolyte status. They are generally considered safe and cost-effective for fluid resuscitation and maintenance.