Kransæðasjúkdómur

Kransæðasjúkdómur, also known as coronary artery disease, is a common condition affecting the arteries that supply blood to the heart. These arteries, called coronary arteries, can become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque. This plaque formation, a process known as atherosclerosis, can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle.

The symptoms of kransæðasjúkdómur can vary. Some individuals may experience chest pain or discomfort, known as angina, particularly during physical exertion or stress. Other symptoms can include shortness of breath, fatigue, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back. In more severe cases, a complete blockage of a coronary artery can lead to a heart attack, a medical emergency.

Risk factors for developing kransæðasjúkdómur include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and a family history of heart disease. Lifestyle choices play a significant role, and maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking can help reduce the risk.

Diagnosis typically involves a review of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as electrocardiograms (ECG), stress tests, and angiography. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve blood flow to the heart. This may include lifestyle changes, medications to lower blood pressure and cholesterol, and in some cases, procedures like angioplasty or bypass surgery.