Kostovertebrale

Kostovertebrale, or costovertebral joints, are the articulations between the ribs (costae) and the thoracic vertebrae. In medical terminology, the term covers two related joint sets: the costovertebral joints between the heads of the ribs and the bodies of the vertebrae, and the costotransverse joints between the rib tubercles and the transverse processes. Together they form the costovertebral complex, providing stability to the thoracic cage while allowing rib movement during respiration.

Anatomy: The head of a typical rib bears two articular facets separated by a crest. The rib head articulates with the superior costal facet of the same-numbered vertebra and the inferior costal facet of the vertebra above, with an intervertebral disc between the bodies. The tubercle articulates with the transverse process of the same-numbered vertebra, forming the costotransverse joint. The joints are reinforced by radiate ligaments connecting the rib head to adjacent vertebral bodies and by costotransverse ligaments securing the rib to the transverse process. Variations exist among ribs, with some ribs showing reduced articulation patterns, particularly at the upper and lower thorax.

Function: These joints permit small gliding and rotational movements of the ribs during breathing, contributing to chest expansion and rib cage mobility. They are innervated by the intercostal nerves and supplied by intercostal arteries.

Clinical relevance: Costovertebral and costotransverse joints can be sources of thoracic pain from arthritis, trauma, or inflammatory conditions, and may be evaluated with imaging such as CT or MRI. Treatment is typically conservative, including analgesia, physical therapy, and, when indicated, targeted injections.