costotransverse

Costotransverse is an anatomical term describing the relationship between a rib (costa) and the transverse process of a thoracic vertebra. It is used to refer to the costotransverse joints, as well as the ligaments and spaces that stabilize these connections in the thoracic cage.

Costotransverse joints are synovial joints formed where the tubercle of a rib articulates with the costal facet on the transverse process of the corresponding vertebra. In typical thoracic ribs, the articulation is with the transverse process of the same-numbered vertebra. The joint surfaces are enclosed in a capsule and supported by surrounding ligaments, with movements mainly consisting of small gliding motions during respiration.

Ligaments associated with the costotransverse region include the superior costotransverse ligament and the lateral costotransverse ligament, among others. These ligaments help stabilize the rib–transverse process junction, limit excessive movement, and contribute to the overall rigidity of the thoracic cage while allowing controlled rib motion during breathing.

Clinical relevance of the costotransverse region includes potential dysfunction or inflammatory changes (costotransverse joint syndrome) that can produce thoracic pain, tenderness along the mid or lower thoracic spine, and limited rib motion. Diagnosis may involve physical examination and imaging such as X-ray or CT scans to assess joint integrity and neighboring structures. Understanding the costotransverse relationship aids in the study of thoracic biomechanics and related pathologies.