Kostalbrjóskið

Kostalbrjóskið, also known as the xiphoid process, is a small cartilaginous projection found at the inferior end of the sternum or breastbone. It is typically fused to the body of the sternum by the time adulthood is reached, but in younger individuals, it can remain separate. The xiphoid process serves as an attachment point for several abdominal muscles, including the diaphragm and the rectus abdominis. While generally small and insignificant in the overall structure of the rib cage, it can vary in size and shape among individuals. In some cases, it may protrude slightly, becoming more noticeable externally. Injuries to the xiphoid process are uncommon but can occur due to direct trauma to the chest. Such injuries can lead to localized pain and tenderness. Medical conditions like xiphoiditis, an inflammation of the xiphoid process, can also cause discomfort. During medical procedures such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), care must be taken to avoid excessive pressure directly on the xiphoid process, as it can be fractured or dislodged. Its primary role is anatomical, contributing to the stability and musculature of the anterior chest wall.