Kortikosteroidmi

Kortikosteroidmi, also known as corticosteroids or glucocorticoids, are a class of steroid hormones produced naturally by the adrenal cortex or synthetically manufactured for medical use. These compounds play a crucial role in regulating various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and inflammation.

Synthetic corticosteroids are commonly prescribed to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and allergic reactions. They work primarily by suppressing the immune system's activity and reducing inflammation.

There are two main types of corticosteroids: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoids, such as prednisone and dexamethasone, are primarily used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Mineralocorticoids, like fludrocortisone, influence electrolyte and water balance by acting on the kidneys.

While effective, corticosteroids may cause side effects, especially when used long-term or at high doses. Common adverse effects include osteoporosis, weight gain, hypertension, fluid retention, diabetes, and increased susceptibility to infections. It is important for patients to be closely monitored by healthcare professionals during treatment.

Corticosteroids can be administered through various routes, including oral, inhalation, topical, or injectable forms, depending on the condition being treated. Proper dosing and duration of therapy are critical to maximizing benefits and minimizing risks.

Overall, kortikosteroidmi are vital medications in managing inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, but their use requires careful medical supervision to address potential side effects and ensure safety.