Koronaartõbi

Koronaartõbi, also known as coronary artery disease, is a common heart condition caused by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The primary cause is usually atherosclerosis, a process where plaque, a buildup of cholesterol, fat, and other substances, accumulates inside the arteries. This plaque can harden and narrow the arteries, reducing blood flow.

Factors that increase the risk of developing koronaartõbi include high cholesterol, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. A family history of heart disease also plays a role. Symptoms can vary widely, from none at all to chest pain or discomfort (angina), shortness of breath, fatigue, and pain in the arms, neck, jaw, or back. In severe cases, it can lead to a heart attack.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and tests such as an electrocardiogram (ECG), stress test, coronary angiography, or CT scan. Treatment aims to manage symptoms, prevent further plaque buildup, and reduce the risk of heart attack. This often includes lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, regular exercise, and smoking cessation. Medications may be prescribed to lower cholesterol, blood pressure, or prevent blood clots. In some cases, procedures like angioplasty with stenting or coronary artery bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart muscle.