Koordinaatiohäiriö

Koordinaatiohäiriö, also known as ataxia, is a neurological sign consisting of lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements. It can affect speech, swallowing, eye movements, and gait. Ataxia is not a disease itself, but rather a symptom of an underlying condition that affects the cerebellum, the part of the brain responsible for coordinating movement.

The causes of ataxia are diverse and can include genetic disorders, stroke, tumors, head injuries, autoimmune diseases, infections, and exposure to certain toxins or medications. Symptoms can vary depending on the cause and severity, but commonly include unsteady gait, difficulty with fine motor skills, slurred speech, and abnormal eye movements such as nystagmus. In some cases, individuals may also experience tremors, balance problems, and difficulty swallowing.

Diagnosis typically involves a neurological examination, medical history, and potentially imaging tests like MRI or CT scans to identify any structural abnormalities in the brain. Genetic testing may be performed if a hereditary cause is suspected. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause and alleviating symptoms. Physical, occupational, and speech therapy can help improve coordination and function. While some forms of ataxia can be progressive and have no cure, others may be treatable if the underlying cause is addressed. Research is ongoing to develop more effective treatments and therapies for various types of ataxia.