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Konzentraten

Konzentrate, in science and industry, denotes substances that have a higher concentration of solutes relative to a reference state. In chemistry, a concentrate refers to a solution with a high mass fraction of solute or a material from which solvent has largely been removed. The term is often used in contrast to dilute forms or solutions and to the process of concentration, which increases solute concentration by evaporation, distillation, filtration, or membrane separation. Common concentration units include mass fraction, molarity, molality, and normality; acid and base concentrates are typical examples, such as sulfuric acid concentrate (~98% w/w) or hydrochloric acid concentrates (various percentages).

In the food industry, concentrates are products from which water or another solvent has been removed to

Production methods: evaporation, freeze concentration, vacuum concentration, distillation, reverse osmosis, and other separation techniques.

Safety: handling concentrated substances requires appropriate safety measures; corrosion, causticity, and inhalation hazards; storage in compatible

Regulation: labeling standards differentiate concentrates from finished products; food-safe concentrates must meet food regulatory standards; chemical

See also: solution, dilution, solvent, stock solution.

increase
solid
content
and
to
simplify
transport
and
storage.
Fruit
concentrates
(apple,
orange,
grape),
juice
concentrates,
or
tomato
concentrate
are
typical
examples.
They
are
reconstituted
with
water
before
consumption
or
used
as
ingredients.
Pharmaceutical
and
nutraceutical
industries
also
produce
concentrate
formulations
as
stock
solutions
or
active
ingredients.
materials;
labeling.
concentrates
subject
to
safety
data
sheets
and
hazardous
materials
regulations.