Kontejnerizacija

Kontejnerizacija, also known as containerization, is a form of operating system-level virtualization that allows a developer to package an application with all of its dependencies into a standardized unit called a container. This container can then be run on any machine that supports containerization technology, regardless of the underlying operating system. The primary benefit of containerization is its ability to ensure that applications run consistently across different environments, from a developer's laptop to a testing server or a production cloud.

Key components of containerization include the container image and the container runtime. A container image is a lightweight, standalone, executable package of software that includes everything needed to run an application: code, runtime, system tools, system libraries, and settings. A container runtime is the software responsible for running containers, managing their lifecycle, and ensuring they are isolated from the host system and other containers. Docker is a widely popular platform that facilitates the creation, deployment, and management of containers.

Containerization offers several advantages over traditional virtual machines. Containers share the host operating system's kernel, making them much more lightweight and faster to start up compared to virtual machines, which require a full operating system to be installed and run. This efficiency translates to better resource utilization and lower infrastructure costs. Furthermore, containerization simplifies application deployment, scaling, and management, making it a cornerstone of modern software development practices, particularly in microservices architectures and DevOps workflows.