Konsumisme

Konsumisme, from the Latin root for consumption, refers to the societal ideology and practice promoting the continual acquisition and use of goods and services as a primary measure of well‑being. This concept is most prevalent in modern capitalist economies where marketing, advertising, and broader media constantly highlight new products as solutions to personal or social needs. In Europe, the term entered common usage in the late 20th century, although the philosophical roots can be traced to earlier critiques of materialism.

Historically, konsumisme emerged prominently after World War II, coinciding with unprecedented economic growth and the rise of mass consumer culture. The proliferation of credit, advertising, and scientific management of retail led to a decline in traditional communal values and the rise of individualized consumption patterns. From the 1970s onwards, environmental and socioeconomic concerns started to challenge this trajectory, linking high consumption with resource depletion and income inequality.

Critics argue that konsumisme encourages overconsumption, waste, and a distraction from nonmaterial goals, such as civic engagement or personal growth. Economists note that unchecked consumerist behaviors compress savings rates and can lead to higher personal debt. Environmentalists point to the ecological footprint per capita, associating consumption with higher greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity loss.

Responses to konsumisme span conscious consumerism, minimalism, and various forms of sustainability initiatives. These movements promote the idea that purchasing decisions should be informed by ethical, environmental, and long‑term welfare considerations. Policy measures such as extended producer responsibility, carbon pricing, and consumer information disclosures also aim to moderate the excesses of consumer culture. The ongoing debate continues to shape cultural narratives, economic policies, and individual habits worldwide.