Konstrukciógrammatika

Konstrukciógrammatika is a linguistic theory that views language as a system of form-meaning pairings called constructions. Instead of abstract rules and symbolic representations, it posits that language users learn and store a vast inventory of these constructions, ranging from single words to complex sentence structures. Each construction is a unit that links a particular form (phonological, morphological, or syntactic) with a particular meaning or communicative function.

A core tenet of construction grammar is that syntax and semantics are inherently integrated. There is no strict separation between a purely syntactic component and a semantic component in the grammar. Instead, constructions directly map form onto meaning. For example, the ditransitive construction like "John gave Mary the book" is understood as a single unit linking the structural pattern Subject-Verb-IndirectObject-DirectObject with the meaning of transferring something from the subject to the indirect object.

This approach emphasizes the role of analogy and stored exemplars in language acquisition and use. Learners are thought to acquire language by encountering and generalizing from specific examples of constructions. When faced with novel utterances, speakers can understand and produce them by combining known constructions or by analogy with similar existing constructions. Construction grammar has been applied to a wide range of linguistic phenomena, including morphology, syntax, and semantics, and it offers an alternative perspective to more traditional rule-based grammatical theories.