Konkretion

Konkretion is a term primarily associated with the German art movement known as Konkrete Kunst, which emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction against traditional artistic forms. The movement emphasized the direct representation of visual elements through geometric shapes, abstract forms, and precise compositions, often using non-traditional materials like plastic, metal, and concrete. The word "konkretion" itself derives from the German adjective "konkret," meaning concrete or tangible, reflecting the movement’s focus on materiality and the immediate, sensory experience of the artwork.

Konkrete Kunst emerged in Switzerland during the 1940s and 1950s, with artists such as Hans Arp, Jean Arp, and Max Bill playing pivotal roles in its development. These artists sought to strip art down to its essential visual components, rejecting figurative representation in favor of pure abstraction. Works from this movement often featured bold lines, sharp angles, and a lack of narrative or symbolic depth, instead relying on the interplay of color, shape, and space to create a visual experience.

The concept of konkretion extends beyond the visual arts into other fields, such as literature and music, where it refers to the use of structured, concrete elements to convey meaning without abstraction. In literature, konkrete poetry, pioneered by artists like Hans Bellmer and Kurt Schwitters, employs typography, collage, and typographic arrangements to create poetic works that are both visually and linguistically precise. Similarly, in music, konkrete music—such as the works of Karlheinz Stockhausen—uses electronic and acoustic sounds in structured, experimental compositions.

Konkretion is also a term used in philosophy and cognitive science to describe the tangible, material aspects of perception and thought, emphasizing the role of sensory experience in shaping understanding. This idea contrasts with abstract or intangible concepts, highlighting the importance of concrete evidence and direct observation in knowledge acquisition. The concept remains influential in discussions about art, technology, and the nature of human perception.