Kompiler

Kompiler is a software tool that translates programs written in a source language into another form, typically executable machine code for a processor, but sometimes into bytecode or another intermediate representation. The primary goal is to enable high-level languages to run efficiently on hardware, while maintaining the original program's semantics.

A compiler usually operates in multiple stages: the front end performs lexical analysis, parsing, and semantic checks, building an intermediate representation such as an abstract syntax tree and a symbol table. The middle end applies optimizations and data-flow analyses to improve performance or reduce resource usage. The back end generates target-specific code, allocating registers and emitting instructions for the target architecture, possibly along with runtime support and linking information.

Kompilers can be static, producing a standalone executable before execution; or just-in-time (JIT), compiling code at runtime for performance and dynamic behavior. They can target native machine code, or produce bytecode for a virtual machine, or output an intermediate representation used by other tools in a toolchain. Some compilers are retargetable or cross-compilers, able to generate code for architectures other than the one on which they run.

In software development, compilers are central to language ecosystems, enabling optimization, portability, and safety checks. Notable modern systems include GCC, LLVM-based toolchains, and commercial compilers for languages such as C, C++, Java, and Rust.

In Polish, kompiler translates to compiler in English, and the concept is the same.