Kompartmentszindróma

Kompartmentszindróma, also known as compartment syndrome, is a medical condition characterized by increased pressure within a compartment of tissue, leading to tissue damage and dysfunction. It typically occurs in the extremities, most commonly the forearm, but can also affect other parts of the body such as the thigh, foot, or hand.

The condition is caused by a disruption in the normal flow of interstitial fluid, leading to a buildup of pressure within a closed fascial compartment. This disruption can be due to trauma, such as a fracture or crush injury, or from other conditions that cause swelling, such as severe burns or certain medical procedures.

Symptoms of kompartmentszindróma may include pain, paraesthesia (numbness or tingling), and paralysis. The pain is often described as severe and out of proportion to the apparent injury. The symptoms may progress rapidly, and if left untreated, can lead to permanent nerve damage, muscle damage, and even digital loss.

Diagnosis of kompartmentszindróma is typically based on clinical examination and may include imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI to assess the severity of the condition. Treatment involves immediate reduction of the swelling, often through surgical decompression or fasciotomy, to relieve the pressure within the compartment. Early recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term complications.

Prevention strategies include avoiding activities that can cause trauma to the extremities, wearing appropriate protective gear, and seeking medical attention promptly if an injury occurs. Regular monitoring and early intervention can help manage and prevent the development of kompartmentszindróma.