Kommatering

Kommatering is the set of punctuation rules governing the use of the comma in written language. The term is most common in Dutch and Norwegian grammar, but the concept exists in many languages, often with language-specific rules. As a tool of written clarity, kommatering helps indicate breaks, grouping, and emphasis, and it interacts with other punctuation marks and with sentence structure.

Typical functions include separating items in a list; setting off introductory words or phrases; enclosing nonessential or parenthetical information; separating clauses within a sentence, and indicating direct address or vocatives in some contexts. In practice, comma use can affect meaning and readability, and different style guides may require different choices in borderline cases.

Serial comma debate: some guides prescribe placing a comma before the final coordinating conjunction in a list; others discourage it. Across languages, rules about the serial comma, optional commas before participial phrases, and the treatment of quoted speech vary. Writers follow the conventions of their language and the relevant guide, such as a national style manual or a publisher's house style.

History and usage: The comma emerged in early modern printing as a tool to indicate pauses and to clarify structure. Over time, grammar prescripts codified its use, though modern usage continues to adapt to changing writing styles, such as digital communication and concise prose.