Koliiniatsetüültransferaas

Koliiniatsetüültransferaas, often abbreviated as ChAT, is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine is a vital neurotransmitter found in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. ChAT catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to choline, forming acetylcholine. This enzymatic reaction is essential for the proper functioning of cholinergic neurons, which are involved in a wide range of physiological processes.

The activity of ChAT is critical for processes such as muscle contraction, learning, memory, and attention. Its presence is widespread in neuronal tissues, particularly in areas associated with cognitive functions and motor control. Dysfunction or reduced levels of ChAT have been linked to various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, where a decline in cholinergic neurotransmission is a hallmark.

Choline acetyltransferase is encoded by the CHAT gene. The enzyme itself is a monomeric protein that exists in different molecular forms, with variations in its molecular weight. Its activity is regulated by several factors, and it is a target of research aimed at understanding and treating neurological conditions. The synthesis of acetylcholine by ChAT is a rate-limiting step in cholinergic neurotransmission, highlighting the enzyme's importance in maintaining neuronal communication.