Koksifikasyon

Koksifikasyon is a thermochemical process used to convert coal into coke. Coke is a solid carbonaceous material that is a vital fuel and a key component in the production of iron and steel. The process involves heating coal in the absence of air to high temperatures, typically between 900 and 1200 degrees Celsius. This heating drives off volatile components such as methane, hydrogen, and tar, leaving behind a porous, high-carbon residue.

The primary purpose of koksifikasyon is to produce coke, which possesses several advantageous properties for metallurgical applications. Coke has a higher carbon content and lower volatile matter than raw coal, making it a more efficient fuel with a higher calorific value. Its porous structure also allows for better airflow in blast furnaces, which is crucial for the combustion process and the reduction of iron ore.

The koksifikasyon process typically takes place in coke ovens, which are usually arranged in batteries. Coal is loaded into these ovens, sealed, and heated for a specific period, which can range from 12 to 72 hours depending on the type of coal and the desired coke quality. After heating, the hot coke is discharged from the ovens and rapidly quenched with water or inert gas to prevent further combustion and degradation. The byproducts of koksifikasyon, such as coal gas, tar, and ammonia, are often recovered and processed for use as fuel or raw materials in the chemical industry. Koksifikasyon is an essential industrial process, underpinning a significant portion of global steel production.