Koivu

Koivu is the Finnish word for birch, referring to several species in the genus Betula, especially Betula pendula (silver birch) and Betula pubescens (downy birch). In everyday use, koivu denotes the birch trees that are common in Finnish landscapes and boreal forests of Europe and Asia.

Biologically, koivu trees are deciduous and typically reach 10 to 30 meters in height, with trunks that bear light-colored bark that can peel in thin, papery sheets. Leaves are oval to round with serrated margins, and the trees produce separate male and female catkins in spring. Birch stands are fast-growing and can form early-successional forests on a variety of soils.

Ecology and distribution: Koivu is a widespread and ecologically important genus in northern latitudes. It tolerates cool climates and often colonizes disturbed sites, appearing in mixed forests, woodland edges, and river valleys. Birch trees provide habitat and food for insects and birds, and their sap flows in spring attract foraging animals and can be tapped by humans.

Uses and cultural significance: Birch wood is valued for its light color, workability, and resilience and is used in furniture, cabinetry, veneer, and plywood. Birch sap can be tapped in early spring to produce beverages or syrup. The bark and twigs have traditional uses in crafts, construction, and waterproofing (including birch tar). In Finnish culture, koivu features in folklore and language as a symbol of resilience and renewal.

Taxonomy: The term koivu covers several Betula species, with Betula pendula and Betula pubescens being the most common in Finland.