Kohlenhydratverbindungen

Kohlenhydrate, often referred to as carbohydrates, are one of the three macronutrients found in food, alongside proteins and fats. They are essential for providing energy to the body. Chemically, carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, with the general formula (CH2O)n.

Carbohydrates are broadly categorized into simple and complex carbohydrates. Simple carbohydrates, also known as sugars, include monosaccharides like glucose and fructose, and disaccharides like sucrose (table sugar) and lactose (milk sugar). These are quickly digested and absorbed, leading to a rapid increase in blood glucose levels.

Complex carbohydrates, on the other hand, are polysaccharides, which are long chains of sugar units. Examples include starch, found in grains, potatoes, and legumes, and fiber, which is indigestible by humans but plays a crucial role in digestive health. Complex carbohydrates are digested more slowly, providing a more sustained release of energy and helping to regulate blood sugar levels.

The primary role of carbohydrates in the diet is to supply the body with energy. Glucose, derived from the breakdown of carbohydrates, is the preferred fuel source for the brain and muscles. When carbohydrate intake exceeds the body's immediate energy needs, it can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles for later use or converted into fat for long-term energy storage. A balanced intake of carbohydrates is important for overall health and energy metabolism.