Kognitivizmi

Kognitivizmi is a theoretical framework in psychology and education that focuses on mental processes involved in learning and knowing. It emerged in the mid-20th century as a reaction against behaviorism, which primarily emphasized observable behavior and external stimuli. Kognitivizmi shifts the focus inward, exploring how individuals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information.

Key concepts within kognitivizmi include memory, attention, perception, problem-solving, and language. It suggests that learning is not merely a passive reception of information but an active construction of knowledge. Learners are seen as information processors who interpret new experiences based on their existing mental structures, often referred to as schemas.

Educational applications of kognitivizmi emphasize strategies that help learners organize information, make connections between new and existing knowledge, and develop metacognitive skills, which involve thinking about one's own thinking. Teachers employing kognitivist approaches might use methods like concept mapping, scaffolding, and providing opportunities for guided discovery. The goal is to foster deeper understanding and the ability to apply knowledge in different contexts. This perspective views the mind as a complex system capable of sophisticated processing and manipulation of information.