Kobalamin

Kobalamin is the chemical name for vitamin B12. It is an essential nutrient that plays a critical role in various bodily functions, including the formation of red blood cells, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. Cobalamin is a complex organometallic compound containing a cobalt atom at its center. It is naturally found in animal products such as meat, fish, eggs, and dairy. Plant-based foods generally do not contain significant amounts of cobalamin unless they are fortified.

The human body cannot synthesize cobalamin, necessitating its intake through diet or supplements. Absorption of cobalamin occurs in the small intestine with the help of a protein called intrinsic factor, which is produced in the stomach. Deficiency in cobalamin can lead to megaloblastic anemia, a condition characterized by abnormally large red blood cells, and neurological problems such as numbness, tingling, and memory issues. These symptoms can be severe and sometimes irreversible if left untreated.

Common causes of cobalamin deficiency include inadequate dietary intake, particularly in vegetarians and vegans, and malabsorption disorders such as pernicious anemia, Crohn's disease, and atrophic gastritis. Treatment for deficiency typically involves cobalamin supplementation, either orally or through injections, depending on the severity and cause of the deficiency. Regular monitoring of cobalamin levels is often recommended for individuals at risk.