Kloridangrep

Kloridangrep refers to damage caused by chloride ions to various materials, most notably concrete and metals. In concrete, chloride ions can penetrate the protective layer surrounding steel reinforcement, leading to corrosion. This corrosion causes the steel to expand, resulting in cracking and spalling of the concrete surface, compromising the structural integrity of the element. Sources of chloride in concrete include de-icing salts used on roads and bridges, seawater exposure, and certain admixtures.

For metals, particularly steel, chloride ions can initiate and accelerate pitting corrosion, a localized form of attack that creates small holes or cavities. This is a significant concern in marine environments, industrial settings where chemicals are present, and in the presence of saltwater spray. The presence of moisture is crucial for chloride-induced corrosion to occur on metal surfaces.

Preventative measures for kloridangrep in concrete often involve using low-permeability concrete mixes, applying protective coatings, employing corrosion inhibitors, and minimizing exposure to chloride sources. For metals, strategies include using corrosion-resistant alloys, applying protective coatings like paint or galvanization, and controlling the environmental conditions to reduce moisture and chloride contact. Understanding the mechanisms and sources of chloride ingress is essential for effective mitigation and long-term durability of structures and components.