Kloraminer

Kloraminer is not a single, universally defined chemical entity. In most references, it is either a misspelling of chloramine or a colloquial/trade name used in particular regions, rather than a formal IUPAC name for a specific compound. In chemistry, chloramines are a class of compounds containing nitrogen–chlorine bonds. They arise when ammonia or amines react with chlorine. The simplest members are monochloramine (NH2Cl), dichloramine (NHCl2), and trichloramine (NCl3). These species differ in reactivity, stability, and odor, and may exist in equilibrium depending on pH and chlorine dose.

In water treatment and sanitation, chloramines are valued as disinfectants because they are more persistent than free chlorine and form fewer regulated disinfection byproducts in some circumstances. Monochloramine is commonly formed in controlled reactions of ammonia with chlorine, under conditions that favor one chlorine addition per ammonia. Dichloramine and trichloramine can form at higher chlorine-to-nitrogen ratios or certain pH ranges, and they have stronger odors and greater corrosiveness.

Applications include municipal drinking-water disinfection, sanitization of swimming-pool water, and certain industrial water systems. The chemistry of chloramines is influenced by pH, temperature, and the presence of organic matter, which can lead to byproducts such as organochloramines and nitrosamines.

Safety and regulation vary by jurisdiction. Chloramines can irritate the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, and their formation in drinking water is managed to balance disinfection efficacy with byproduct control. They are subject to water-quality standards and guidelines issued by health and environmental authorities.

See also: chloramine, monochloramine, dichloramine, trichloramine.