Kivételtípusok

Kivételtípusok are a concept in object-oriented programming, particularly prevalent in languages like Java and C#. They represent a mechanism for handling errors or exceptional conditions that occur during program execution. When an unexpected event happens, such as trying to access an element outside of an array's bounds or attempting to divide by zero, the program can signal this by throwing an exception. Kivételtípusok are structured in a hierarchy, with a base exception class from which more specific exception types inherit. This allows for more granular control over error handling. For instance, a NullPointerException indicates that a variable that was expected to hold an object reference instead holds a null value, while an ArithmeticException might be thrown for invalid mathematical operations.

Programmers use try-catch blocks to manage kivételtípusok. The code that might potentially cause an exception is placed within a try block. If an exception occurs within the try block, the program immediately jumps to a corresponding catch block, which is designed to handle a specific type of exception. This allows the program to gracefully recover from errors, log the problem, or inform the user without crashing. Alternatively, exceptions can be declared to be thrown by a method using the throws keyword, indicating that the caller of the method is responsible for handling any exceptions that might arise from its execution. This promotes robust and reliable software design by explicitly addressing potential failure points.