Kimberliittikeilojen

Kimberliittikeilojen is a Finnish term referring to kimberlite pipes, which are volcanic-related structures that can host diamond deposits. These geological formations are characterized by a carrot-like or pipe-like shape extending from the Earth's mantle towards the surface. Kimberlite is a type of lamproite, a rare and highly alkaline igneous rock, that originates deep within the Earth's mantle, typically at depths of 150 to 300 kilometers. The rapid ascent of this molten rock to the surface, often driven by explosive volcanic processes, is what creates the distinctive kimberlite pipe.

The geological processes involved in the formation of kimberlite pipes are complex and involve the interaction of tectonic forces and mantle plumes. The magma contains xenoliths, which are fragments of rock from the mantle and crust through which it has passed. Diamond formation occurs under the high-pressure, high-temperature conditions found in the Earth's mantle. When kimberlite magma erupts, it can bring these diamonds to the surface within the xenoliths.

The discovery and mining of kimberlite pipes are of significant economic importance due to their association with diamonds. Countries like South Africa, Russia, Canada, and Botswana have substantial kimberlite diamond mining operations. Identifying potential kimberlite pipes involves geological surveys, geophysical methods, and indicator mineral sampling. The presence of specific minerals, such as pyrope garnet, ilmenite, and chrome diopside, can suggest the proximity of a kimberlite source.